结果表明，第7天时，经表面活性素A处理的伤口闭合率为（80.65±2.03）％，而对照组的伤口在第7天有（44.30±4.26）％仍未闭合（P<0.05）。在机制上，它上调了缺氧诱导因子-1α（hypoxia-inducible factor-1α，HIF-1α）和血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor，VEGF）的表达，通过促有丝分裂原活化蛋白激酶（mitogen-activated protein kinase，MAPK）和核因子-κB（ nuclear factor-κB，NF-κB）信号通路，加速了角质形成细胞迁移，并调节促炎细胞因子的分泌和巨噬细胞表型转换。更具吸引力的是，表面活性素A通过影响α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-smooth muscle actin，α-SMA）和转化生长因子（transforming growth factor，TGF-β）的表达，具有抑制疤痕组织形成的能力。总体而言，该研究揭示了表面活性剂A作为一种经济有效的伤口愈合药物的新功能和潜力。
Abstract
Novel Biomedical Functions of Surfactin A from Bacillus subtilis in Wound Healing Promotion and Scar Inhibition
Lu Yan, Guanwen Liu, Bin Zhao, Bing Pang, Wanqin Wu, Chongyang Ai, Xixi Zhao, Xinglong Wang, Chunmei Jiang, Dongyan Shao, Qianlong Liu, Meixuan Li, Lei Wang, and Junling Shi*
Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
Surfactin produced by Bacillus subtilis is a powerful biosurfactant in food, cosmetics, and pesticide industries. However, its suitability in wound healing applications is uncertain. In this article, we determined the effects of surfactin A from B. subtilis on wound healing, angiogenesis, cell migration, inflammatory response, and scar formation. The results indicated that 80.65 ± 2.03% of surfactin A-treated wounds were closed, whereas 44.30 ± 4.26% of the vehicle-treated wound areas remained open on day 7 (P < 0.05). In mechanisms, it upregulated the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), accelerated keratinocyte migration through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways, and regulated the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and macrophage phenotypic switch. More attractive, surfactin A showed a seductive capability to inhibit scar tissue formation by affecting the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor (TGF-β). Overall, the study revealed a new function and potential of surfactin A as an affordable and efficient wound healing drug.
