低聚半乳糖以乳清为原料，经酶解合成喷雾干燥等工艺精制而成的乳白或微黄色粉末，是母乳化的功能性低聚糖。低聚半乳糖对肠内的益生菌群有很强的增殖作用，同时具有和植物纤维的相同效用，可促进肠胃蠕动，改善肠道功能。低聚半乳糖对热和酸相当安定，可满足各种食品加工工艺的要求。
Effects of a galacto-oligosaccharide-rich diet on fecal microbiota and metabolite profiles in mice
Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are prebiotics that positively affect the host's gut microbiota, which is important for the health of the host. Most previous studies focused on specific flora components (e.g. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus); very few have investigated the relationship between flora and metabolites. Here, we used 16S rRNA analysis and metabolomics to analyze the effect of GOS on microbiota and metabolites. Results show that the abundance of Ruminococcaceae and Oscillibacter decreased significantly in GOS-fed mice. Twenty-one metabolites, including oleic acid, arachidic acid, and behenic acid, decreased significantly in the GOS-fed mice. Fatty acid synthesis and blood triglyceride content significantly decreased in the GOS-fed mice compared with those in the control mice, suggesting that GOS may improve lipid metabolism in mice. Additionally, after three weeks of a GOS-rich diet, the mouse microbiota was significantly enriched in Alloprevotella, Bacteroides, and Parasutterella. The blood glucose level of the GOS-fed group was significantly higher than that of the control group, whereas the abundance of Coprococcus and Odoribacter (butyrate-producing bacteria) was significantly decreased. The metabolism of butyrate, known to reduce plasma glucose levels, was significantly downregulated in the GOS-fed mice, an effect potentially detrimental to the glucose metabolism of the host. This dual-omics analysis provided important information on the changes in host–microbe–metabolite interactions resulting from GOS supplementation. Our results provide evidence that GOS may improve lipid metabolism, and that long-term GOS supplementation had a detrimental effect on the host's glucose metabolism, which could be important for optimizing methods of prebiotic supplementation and developing approaches to prevent diseases using prebiotic interventions.
前部介绍性内容省略掉
方法：使用16S rRNA序列和代谢组学分析GOS对肠道微生物和代谢物的影响
结果：二十一种代谢物，包括油酸、花生四烯酸和山嵛酸，在GOS喂养的小鼠中显着降低。与对照组小鼠相比，GOS喂养小鼠的脂肪酸合成和血液甘油三酯含量显着降低，也就是证明GOS可改善小鼠的脂质代谢。而且三周后的GOS作用后，小鼠的微生物种群Alloprevotella，拟杆菌，和Parasutterella明显的增长。（有利的）
GOS喂养组的血糖水平显着高于对照组，而（丁酸产生菌）的丰度显着降低，，这可能是对宿主的葡萄糖代谢有不好的作用。（不利的）
总结：低聚半乳糖GOS可改善脂质代谢，但是过长阶段的使用后对葡头糖代谢有不好的影响，这是对下一步益生元开发提供的重要依据。
这是欧美研发团队在近期最新的研发结果
